SDMX Metadata Concepts

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0.a. Goal

Goal 10: Reduce inequality within and among countries

0.b. Target

Target 10.5: Improve the regulation and monitoring of global financial markets and institutions and strengthen the implementation of such regulations

0.c. Indicator

Indicator 10.5.1: Financial Soundness Indicators

0.e. Metadata update

2022-04-12

0.g. International organisations(s) responsible for global monitoring

International Monetary Fund

1.a. Organisation

International Monetary Fund

2.a. Definition and concepts

Definition:

Seven FSIs are included as SDG indicators for 10.5.1 and expressed as percent.

1 - Regulatory Tier 1 capital to assets

2 - Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets

3 - Nonperforming loans net of provisions to capital

4 - Nonperforming loans to total gross loans

5 - Return on assets

6 - Liquid assets to short-term liabilities

7 - Net open position in foreign exchange to capital

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to assets: This is the ratio of the core capital (Tier 1) to total (balance sheet) assets. For jurisdictions that have implemented the Basel III leverage ratio, this indicator would be calculated using Tier 1 capital as the numerator and the exposure measure as the denominator, which comprises balance sheet assets, derivatives exposures, securities financing transaction exposures, and off-balance-sheet items.

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: It is calculated using regulatory Tier 1 capital as the numerator and risk-weighted assets as the denominator. The data for this FSI are compiled in accordance with the implemented Basel Accord (i.e., Basel I, Basel II, or Basel III).

Nonperforming loans net of provisions to capital: This FSI is calculated by taking the value of nonperforming loans (NPLs) less the value of specific provisions for NPLs as the numerator and total regulatory capital as the denominator.

Nonperforming loans to total gross loans: This FSI is calculated by using the value of NPLs as the numerator and the total value of the loan portfolio (including NPLs, and before the deduction of specific provisions for NPLs) as the denominator.

Return on assets: This FSI is calculated by dividing annualized net income before taxes by the average value of total assets (financial and nonfinancial) over the same period.

Liquid assets to short-term liabilities: This FSI is calculated by using liquid assets as the numerator and short-term liabilities as the denominator.The components of liquid assets are defined in the IMF’s 2019 FSIs Compilation Guide (2019 FSIs Guide).

Net open position in foreign exchange to capital: The net open position in foreign exchange should be calculated based on the guidance in the 2019 FSIs Guide. Capital should be total regulatory capital as net open position in foreign exchange is a supervisory concept.

Concepts:

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to assets: Regulatory Tier 1 capital is calculated based on Basel I, II, or III depending on countries’ supervisory practices. Denominator is total balance sheet (non-risk weighted) assets. For jurisdictions that have implemented the Basel III leverage ratio, the denominator also includes off-balance-sheet items.

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk- weighted assets: Regulatory Tier 1 capital is calculated based on Basel I, II, or III depending on countries’ supervisory practices. Denominator is risk-weighted assets also calculated based on Basel standards.

Nonperforming loans (NPLs) net of provisions to capital: A loan is classified as NPL when payment of principal or interest is past due by 90 days or more, or evidence exists that a full or partial amount of a loan is not going to be recovered. Only specific provisions for NPLs are used in this calculation and they refer to charges against the value of specific NPLs. Data exclude accrued interest on NPLs. Capital is measured as total regulatory capital calculated based on Basel I, II, or III depending on countries’ supervisory practices.

Nonperforming loans to total gross loans: A loan is classified as NPL when payment of principal or interest is past due by 90 days or more, or evidence exists that a full or partial amount of a loan is not going to be recovered. The denominator is the total value of the loan portfolio (including NPLs, and before the deduction of specific provisions for NPLs).

Return on assets: The numerator is annualized net income before taxes. The denominator is the average value of total assets (financial and nonfinancial) over the same period.

Liquid assets to short-term liabilities: Liquid assets include currency and deposits and other financial assets available on demand or within three months as well as securities traded in liquid markets that can be converted into cash with minimal change in value. The denominator is short-term elements of debt liabilities plus net market value of financial derivatives position. The latter is calculated as financial derivatives liability position minus financial derivative asset position. Short-term refers to three months and should be defined on a remaining maturity basis. If remaining maturity is not available, original maturity can be used as an alternative.

Net open position in foreign exchange to capital: Net open position should be calculated in accordance with the guidance in the 2019 FSIs Guide. The denominator is total regulatory capital as defined above.

2.b. Unit of measure

Percent (%). Data in the sectoral financial statements and other memorandum series used to calculate FSIs are in national currency.

2.c. Classifications

Classification of financial positions by type of financial instruments and by counterpart sector, and definition of financial corporations subsectors are provided in the 2019 FSIs Guide.
http://data.imf.org/FSI.

3.a. Data sources

The common source data are data reported by banks for supervisory purposes. They include balance sheet, income statement, and memorandum series (such as Tier 1 capital, Tier 2 capital, risk-weighted assets).

3.b. Data collection method

The national central banks or supervisory agencies collect these data for supervisory purposes, and these data are used for FSIs compilation.

3.c. Data collection calendar

There are no predetermined deadlines. Countries report new FSIs as soon as they are ready

3.d. Data release calendar

Data are disseminated on the IMF website as soon as they are ready.

3.e. Data providers

The national central banks or bank supervisory agencies.

3.f. Data compilers

The FSIs are compiled at national level, but not at region or global level.

4.a. Rationale

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to assets: It is a measure of leverage indicating the extent to which assets are funded by other than own funds.

Regulatory Tier 1 capital to risk-weighted assets: It measures the capital adequacy of deposit takers based on the core capital concept of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS). Capital adequacy and availability ultimately determine the degree of robustness of financial institutions to withstand shocks to their balance sheets.

Nonperforming loans net of provisions to capital: This FSI is a capital adequacy ratio and is an important indicator of the capacity of bank capital to withstand losses from NPLs that are not covered by specific provisions for NPLs.

Nonperforming loans to total gross loans: This FSI is often used as a proxy for asset quality and is intended to identify problems with asset quality in the loan portfolio.

Return on assets: It is an indicator of bank profitability and is intended to measure deposit takers’ efficiency in using their assets.

Liquid assets to short-term liabilities: It is a liquidity ratio and is intended to capture the liquidity mismatch of assets and liabilities and provides an indication of the extent to which deposit takers can meet the short-term withdrawal of funds without facing liquidity problems.

Net open position in foreign exchange to capital: This FSI is an indicator of sensitivity to market risk, which is intended to gauge deposit takers’ exposure to exchange rate risk compared with capital. It measures the mismatch of foreign currency asset and liability positions to assess the vulnerability to exchange rate movements.

4.b. Comment and limitations

Data for most countries are reported on a monthly or quarterly basis; a few countries report some FSI data on a semi-annual or annual basis and with a lag of more than a quarter. As of end-December 2021, there were more than 140 FSI reporters. Some countries’ compilation practices deviate from the 2019 FSIs Guide methodology in certain areas and are documented in the FSIs metadata also posted on the IMF’s FSIs website. Reporting countries provide all or most core FSIs and some encouraged FSIs that can be used to support the interpretation of these seven SDG indicators. FSIs data and metadata reported by countries are available at http://data.imf.org/FSI.

4.c. Method of computation

The calculation of the seven FSIs is detailed in section on “Definition” above. The common source data are data reported by banks to supervisory authorities, which are usually the FSI compilers.

4.d. Validation

Country authorities validate data that they collect for bank supervision and these data are used to compile FSIs.

4.e. Adjustments

Data adjustments are not applicable to FSIs.

4.f. Treatment of missing values (i) at country level and (ii) at regional level

• At country level

It is not relevant to the seven FSIs. Source data are collected by banks’ supervisory authorities and complete reporting is usually mandated by law.

• At regional and global levels

The FSIs are not compiled at regional or global levels.

4.g. Regional aggregations

The FSIs are not aggregated at regional levels.

4.h. Methods and guidance available to countries for the compilation of the data at the national level

The 2019 FSIs Guide is available at http://data.imf.org/FSI.

4.i. Quality management

Country authorities are responsible for the quality of FSIs and underlying data.

4.j. Quality assurance

  • The common source data are data reported by banks for supervisory purposes. National supervisors check and validate the data that are used by national FSI compilers. IMF staff check data in the sectoral financial statements and memorandum series reported by countries and address data issues in collaboration with the national compilers whenever such issues are flagged by the validation and consistency checks implemented in the IMF data processing system before processing the data and posting the indicators on the FSIs website.

4.k. Quality assessment

Quality assessment is done as part of the validation and consistency checks implemented in the IMF data processing system.

5. Data availability and disaggregation

Data availability:

As of end-December 2021, there were more than 140 FSI reporters. All reporters provide all or most core FSIs and some encouraged FSIs that can be used to support the interpretation of these seven SDG indicators.

Time series:

Data for most countries are reported on a monthly or quarterly basis (about 15 percent and 75 percent of total number of reporting countries, respectively); a few countries report data on a semi-annual basis and with a lag of more than a quarter. Data are available as far back as 2005 for some countries.

Disaggregation:

The FSIs disseminated by the IMF are weighted averages for the sector as a whole (e.g., deposit takers, other financial corporations, nonfinancial corporations). Data for parent banks, their branches, and relevant subsidiaries are consolidated; if this consolidation is not possible or not applicable, an explanation is provided in the metadata. There are no disaggregated breakdowns of the FSIs reported to the IMF.

6. Comparability/deviation from international standards

Sources of discrepancies:

Data calculated by other sources could be different from the FSIs disseminated by the IMF due to the use of different compilation methodology and/or institutional coverage. The FSIs disseminated by the IMF are compiled based on the 2019 FSIs Guide, which provides the guidance on the concepts and definitions, and sources and techniques for the compilation of cross-country comparable data to support national and international surveillance of financial systems. To facilitate identification of possible discrepancies across countries, reporters provide metadata to the IMF that detail departures from recommendations in the 2019 FSIs Guide.

7. References and Documentation

URL: http://data.imf.org/FSI

References: