Standards used in this guide

The recipes use published standards wherever one exists. Where the World Bank's Development Data Group has adopted a standard for its own microdata catalog, the guide uses that one.

Documentation of microdata

Standard	Use	World Bank use	In this guide
DDI Codebook	Documentation of a study, its files, and its variables: labels, categories, universes, questions, derivations, concepts, summary statistics, variable groups	The Microdata Library, NADA, and the Metadata Editor; the World Bank microdata schema is DDI Codebook 2.5 as JSON Schema	Every chapter
World Bank metadata schemas	JSON Schema for microdata (DDI-based) and the other data types, with a Python library and Excel templates (MIT licence)	The Development Data Group's catalogs and tools	Chapters 1, 3, 7, 8
DDI Lifecycle	Reusable questions, concepts, and variables across studies		Chapters 4, recipe 4.3, and 6, recipe 6.3
DDI-CDI	Data structures and provenance across data types		Chapter 7: provenance of derived files
Metadata Editor	Open-source application for documenting microdata and other types, with templates, validation, and publishing to NADA	Used by the Development Data Group's curators	Chapters 1 and 3
NADA	Open-source catalog: DDI records, schema.org markup, variable-level search, access types and request workflows, REST API; semantic search and an MCP server through NADA AI, which is being integrated into NADA	Runs the Microdata Library	Chapters 1, 5, and 8

Concepts and classifications

Standard	Use	In this guide
ISCED	Education levels (ISCED 2011)	Chapter 4
ISCO	Occupations (ISCO-08)	Chapter 4
ISIC	Economic activities (ISIC Rev.4)	Chapter 4
COICOP	Consumption expenditure	Chapter 4
ICLS resolutions	Statistics of work, employment, and labour underutilization (19th ICLS)	Chapter 4: labour force status
SKOS	Concept schemes with multilingual labels	Chapter 4
XKOS	Statistical classifications and correspondences	Chapters 4 and 6: crosswalks and correspondence tables

Identifiers, discovery, and licences

Standard	Use	World Bank use	In this guide
DataCite	DOIs and citation metadata for datasets	The Microdata Library assigns DataCite DOIs (prefix 10.48529)	Chapters 1, 7, and 8
schema.org Dataset	Dataset markup on study pages	NADA writes it on every study page	Chapter 1
DCAT 3	Catalog records for harvesting		Chapter 1
Creative Commons Attribution 4.0	Open licence with attribution	The default for World Bank datasets	Chapter 8

Disclosure control and quality

Standard or tool	Use	In this guide
sdcMicro	Open-source statistical disclosure control for microdata: risk measures, suppression, top-coding	Chapter 8
IHSN guidance	Anonymization and dissemination policy for microdata	Chapter 8
UN Fundamental Principles of Official Statistics	Confidentiality and quality principles	Chapters 7 and 8
W3C PROV	Provenance of derived data	Chapter 7

Corrections

Standards change versions and URLs. If a reference here is wrong or out of date, open an issue with the row and the corrected source.